Panic Disorder

Whole-Person Education for Healthier Minds & Healthier Bodies

Understanding Panic Disorder

What Is Panic Disorder?

Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder that causes repeated, unexpected panic attacks and an ongoing fear of having another attack. Panic attacks are sudden episodes of intense fear that may occur even when there is no real danger. Although they can feel frightening, panic attacks themselves are not life-threatening.

DSM-5 Criteria

Healthcare providers diagnose panic disorder when a person has recurrent, unexpected panic attacks followed by at least one month of persistent worry about additional attacks or changes in behavior to avoid them. Symptoms cannot be better explained by another medical condition, substance, or mental health disorder.

Common Signs & Symptoms

·         Sudden wave of intense fear or terror

·         Rapid heartbeat or pounding heart

·         Chest pain or tightness

·         Shortness of breath or feeling like you can't breathe

·         Sweating, shaking, or trembling

·         Dizziness or feeling faint

·         Nausea or upset stomach

·         Numbness or tingling

·         Feeling detached from yourself or your surroundings

·         Fear of losing control, 'going crazy,' or dying

How Panic Disorder May Present Differently

Children & Teens

·         Stomachaches or headaches without a medical cause

·         School avoidance

·         Fear of another panic attack in public

·         Irritability or clinginess

Women

·         More commonly diagnosed than men

·         May occur alongside generalized anxiety or depression

·         Symptoms may fluctuate with hormonal changes

Men

·         May hide symptoms due to stigma

·         May appear irritable or angry instead of fearful

·         May cope with alcohol, drugs, or excessive work

Common Medication Classifications

Medication is selected based on your symptoms, medical history, and overall health.

·         Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

·         Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)

·         Short-term anti-anxiety medications in select situations

·         Other medications when clinically appropriate

Common Therapies & Why They Help

·         Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Teaches healthier thinking patterns and coping skills.

·         Exposure Therapy: Gradually reduces fear of panic sensations and avoided situations.

·         Acceptance & Commitment Therapy (ACT): Builds resilience and reduces avoidance.

·         Relaxation, breathing, and mindfulness techniques: Help calm the body's stress response.

What Can You Do During a Panic Attack?

·         Remind yourself that panic attacks are temporary and will pass.

·         Slow your breathing with steady, controlled breaths.

·         Use grounding techniques such as the 5-4-3-2-1 method.

·         Focus on one calming thought or object.

·         Follow your treatment plan and discuss recurring attacks with your provider.

When Should You Seek Help?

Seek professional care if panic attacks are frequent, cause you to avoid activities, or interfere with work, school, relationships, or daily life.

If you have chest pain for the first time or are unsure whether your symptoms are caused by a panic attack or a medical emergency, seek immediate medical evaluation.

Call 911 or 988 if you are experiencing thoughts of self-harm or a mental health crisis.

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This handout is for educational general awareness purposes only. It is not intended to diagnose, treat, or replace an evaluation by a qualified healthcare professional.