Shizophrenia
Whole-Person Education for Healthier Minds & Healthier Bodies
Understanding Schizophrenia
What is Schizophrenia?
Schizophrenia is a chronic brain disorder that affects how a person thinks, perceives reality, feels, and behaves. It is not caused by poor parenting, weakness, or lack of willpower. With proper treatment, many people live meaningful and productive lives.
Typical Age of Onset
- Most often begins in the late teens through the 20s.
- Men: symptoms commonly appear between ages 18–25.
- Women: symptoms commonly appear between ages 25–35, with a smaller second peak after age 40.
- Symptoms beginning outside these ranges should prompt a careful medical evaluation to rule out other possible causes.
Common Signs & Symptoms
Positive symptoms:
• Hallucinations (hearing or seeing things others do not)
• Delusions (fixed false beliefs)
• Disorganized thinking or speech
• Disorganized or unusual behavior
Negative symptoms:
• Reduced emotional expression
• Loss of motivation
• Social withdrawal
• Decreased speech
• Reduced enjoyment in activities
Thinking symptoms:
• Poor concentration
• Memory difficulties
• Trouble planning or making decisions
When to Seek Treatment
Seek prompt evaluation if you or someone you love develops:
• Hallucinations or delusions
• Increasing paranoia
• Marked personality or behavior changes
• Confused or disorganized thinking
• Declining work or school performance
• Social isolation or inability to care for oneself
• Thoughts of self-harm, suicide, or harm to others (call 911 or go to the nearest emergency department immediately).
Why a Medical Evaluation Matters
Not every episode of psychosis is schizophrenia. Medical conditions, brain tumors, infections, autoimmune disorders, thyroid disease, vitamin deficiencies, medication effects, and substance use can produce similar symptoms. A thorough medical and psychiatric evaluation helps identify the correct diagnosis.
Treatment
Treatment often includes:
• Antipsychotic medications
• Individual and family therapy
• Education and support
• Healthy sleep, nutrition, and avoiding alcohol and illicit drugs
• Regular follow-up with healthcare providers
Hope for Recovery
Early diagnosis and treatment improve outcomes. Many individuals with schizophrenia successfully work, attend school, maintain relationships, and enjoy fulfilling lives.
Ready to Find Relief?
Book an appointment with SHINE Primary & Psych Care
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This handout is for educational general awareness purposes only. It is not intended to diagnose, treat, or replace an evaluation by a qualified healthcare professional.
